Protocol annexed to Russo-Mongolian Agreement of the 21st October (3rd November 1912)

Protocol annexed to Russo-Mongolian Agreement

of the 21st October (3rd November 1912)

By virtue of the enactment of the second article of the agreement, signed on this

(late between Actual State Councillor, Ivan Korostovetz, Plenipotentiary of the

Imperial Russian Government, and the President of the Council of Ministers of

Mongolia, Sain-noin Khan Namnan-Souroun, the Protector of ten thousand

doctrines the Plenipotentiary and Minister of the Interior, Tchin-souzouktou Tzinvan

Lama Tzerin-Tchimet the Plenipotentiary and Minister for Foreign Affairs,

Daitzin-van Handa-dorji of the rank of Khan-erdeni the Plenipotentiary and

Minister of War, Erdeni Dalai Tzun-van Gombo-Souroun the Plenipotentiary and

Minister of Finance, Tuuchetou Tzun-van Tchakdorjab and the Plenipotentiary

and Minister of Justice, Erdeni Tzun-van Namsarai, on the authority of the Ruler

of Mongolia, the Mongolian Government, and the Ruling Princes the abovenamed

Plenipotentiaries have come to an agreement respecting the following

articles, in which are set forth the rights and privileges of Russian subjects in

Mongolia, some of which they already enjoy, and the rights and privileges of

Mongolian subjects in Russia

ARTICLE I

Russians subjects, as formerly, shall enjoy the right to reside and move freely

from one place to another throughout Mongolia; to engage there in every kind of

commercial, industrial, and other business; and to enter into agreements of

various kinds, whether with individuals, or finds, or institutions, official or private,

Russian, Mongolian, Chinese, or foreign.

ARTICLE 2.

Russian subjects, as formerly, shall enjoy the right at all times to import and

export, without payment of import and export dues, every kind of product of the

soil and industry of Russia, Mongolia. and China, and other countries, and to

trade freely in it without payment of any duties, taxes, or other dues.

The enactments of this (2nd) article shall not extend to combined Russo-Chinese

undertakings, or to Russian subjects falsely declaring themselves to be owners

of wares not their property.

ARTICLE 3.

Russian credit institutions shall have the right to open branches in Mongolia, and

to transact all kinds of financial and other business, whether with individuals,

institutions, or companies.

ARTICLE 4.

Russian subjects may conclude purchases and sales in cash or by an exchange

of wares (barter), and they may conclude agreements on credit. Neither

khoshuns nor the Mongolian Treasury shall be held responsible for the debts of

private individuals.

ARTICLE 5.

The Mongolian authorities shall not preclude Mongolians or Chinese from

completing any kind of commercial agreement with Russian subjects, from

entering into their personal service, or into commercial and industrial

undertakings formed by them. No rights of monopoly as regards commerce or

industry shall be granted to any official or private companies, institutions, or

individuals in Mongolia. it is, of course, understood that companies and

individuals who have already received such monopolies from the Mongolian

Government previous to the conclusion of this agreement shall retain their rights

and privileges until the expiry of the period fixed.

ARTICLE 6.

Russian subjects shall be everywhere granted the right, whether in towns or

‘khoshuns', to hold allotments on lease, or to acquire them as their own property

for the purpose of organizing commercial industrial establishments, and also for

the purpose of constructing houses, shops, and stores. In addition, Russian

subjects shall have the right to lease vacant lands for cultivation. it is, of course,

understood that these allotments shall be obtained and leased for the abovespecified

purposes, and not for speculative aims.

These allotments shall he assigned by agreement with the Mongolian

Government in accordance with existing laws of Mongolia, everywhere excepting

in sacred places and pasture lands.

ARTICLE 7

Russian subjects shall be empowered to enter into agreements with the

Mongolian Government respecting the working of minerals and timber, fisheries,

etc.

ARTICLE 8.

The Russian Government shall have the right, in agreement with the Government

of Mongolia, to appoint consuls in those parts of Mongolia it shall deem

necessary.

Similarly, the Mongolian Government shall be empowered to have Government

agents at those frontier parts of the Empire where, by mutual agreement. It shall

be found necessary.

ARTICLE 9.

At points where there are Russian consulates, as also in other localities of

importance for Russian trade, there shall be allotted, by mutual agreement

between Russian consuls and the Mongolian Government, special factories for

various branches of industry and the residence of Russian subjects. These

factories shall be under the exclusive control of the above-mentioned consuls, or

of the heads of Russian commercial companies if there be no Russian consul.

ARTICLE 10.

Russian subjects. in agreement with the Mongolian Government shall retain the

right to institute, at their own cost, a postal service for the dispatch of letters and

the transit of wares between various localities in Mongolia and also between

specified localities and points on the Russian frontier. In the event of the

construction of ‘stages’ and other necessary buildings, the regulations set forth in

article 6 of this protocol must be duly observed.

ARTICLE 11.

Russian consuls in Mongolia, in case of need, shall avail themselves of

Mongolian Government postal establishments and messengers for the dispatch

of official correspondence, and for other official requirements, provided that the

gratuitous requisition for this purpose shall not exceed one hundred horses and

thirty camels per month. On every occasion, a courier's passport must be

obtained from the Government of Mongolia. When travelling, Russian consuls,

and Russian officials in general, shall avail themselves of the same

establishments upon payment. The right to avail themselves of Mongolian

Government stages' shall be extended to privates individuals, who are Russian

subjects, upon payment for the use of such ' stages ' of amounts which shall be

determined in agreement with the Mongolian Government.

ARTICLE 12.

Russian subjects shall be granted the right to sail their own merchant-vessels on,

and to trade with the inhabitants along the banks of, those rivers and their

tributaries which, running first through Mongolia, subsequently enter Russian

territory. The Russian Government shall afford the Government of Mongolia

assistance in the improvement of navigation on these rivers, the establishment of

the necessary beacons, &c The Mongolian Government authorities shall assign

on these rivers places for the berthing of vessels, for the construction of wharves

and warehouses, for the preparation of fuel, etc., being guided on these

occasions by the enactments of article 6 of the present protocol.

ARTICLE 13.

Russian subjects shall have the right to avail themselves of all land and water

routes for the carriage of wares and the droving of cattle, and, upon agreement

with the Mongolians authorities, they may construct, at their own cost, bridges,

ferries, &c with the right to exact a special due from persons crossing over.

ARTICLE 14.

Travelling cattle, the property of Russian subjects, may stop for the purpose of

resting and feeding. In the event of prolonged halts being necessary, the local

authorities shall assign proper pasturage areas along travelling cattle routes, and

at cattle markets. Fees shall be exacted for the use of these pasturing areas for

periods exceeding three months.

ARTICLE 15.

The established usage of the Russian frontier population harvesting (hay), as

also hunting and fishing, across the Mongolian border shall remain in force in the

future without any alteration.

ARTICLE 16.

Agreements between Russian subjects and institutions on the one side and

Mongolians and Chinese on the other may be concluded verbally or in writing,

and the contracting parties may present the agreement concluded to the local

Government authorities for certification. Should the latter see any objection to

certifying the contract, they must immediately notify tile fact to a Russian consul

and the misunderstanding which has arisen shall be settled in agreement with

him.

It is hereby laid down that contracts respecting real estate must be in written

form, and presented for certification and confirmation to the proper Mongolian

Government authorities and a Russian consul. Documents bestowing rights to

exploit natural resources require the confirmation of the Government of Mongolia.

In the event of disputes arising over agreements concluded verbally or in writing,

the parties may settle the matter amicably with the assistance of arbitrators

selected by each party. Should no settlement be reached by this method, the

matter shall be decided by a mixed legal commission.

There shall be both permanent and temporary mixed legal commissions.

Permanent commissions shall be instituted at the places of residence of Russian

consuls, and shall consist of the consul, or his representative, and a delegate of

the Mongolian authorities of corresponding rank. Temporary commissions shall

be instituted at places other than those already specified, as cases arise, and

shall consist of representatives of a Russian consul and the prince of that

‘khoshun’ to which the defendant belongs or in which he resides. Mixed

commissions shall be empowered to call in as experts persons with a knowledge

of the case from among Russian subjects, Mongolians. and Chinese. The

decisions of mixed legal commissions shall be put into execution' without delay,

in case of Russian subjects through a Russian consul and in case of Mongolians

and Chinese through the prince of the ‘khoshun’ to which the defendant belongs

or in which lie is resident.

ARTICLE 17.

The present protocol shall come into force from the date of its signature.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries, finding, upon comparison of

the two parallel texts of the present protocol - Russian and Mongol - drawn up in

duplicate, that the texts correspond, have signed each of them, affixed their

seals, and exchanged texts.

Executed at Urga, the 21st October 1912 and by the Mongolian calendar, on the

twenty-fourth day of the last autumn moon, in the second year of the

administration of the ‘Unanimously Proclaimed’

In the original follow the signature of M. Korostovetz, Minister Plenipotentiary ;

and in the Mongol language the signatures of the President of the Mongolian

Council of Ministers, and the Plenipotentiaries, the Ministers of the Interior,

Foreign Affairs, War, Finance, and of Justice.

заяа

Орос-Монголын гэрээг байгуулав

1912 он: Гадаад Монголын автономийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн Орос-Монголын гэрээг өнөөгөөс 98 жилийн өмнө байгуулжээ. Гадаад Монголын дөрвөн аймаг 1911 оны арваннэгдүгээр сард тусгаар тогтносон Монгол Улсыг байгуулсан тунхагийг гаргасан байлаа. Тэр цагт Орос, Монголын хооронд худалдаа, аж үйлдвэрийн нэлээд бат бэх харилцаа байсан ба тэр нь Орос-Хятад хоёрын 1885 оны Тэнжиний, 1860 оны Бээжингийн, 1881 оны Петербургийн  гэрээгээр зохицуулагдаж байжээ. 

Тусгаар тогтнолыг тунхагласан нь орон нутгийн зах зээл дэх Хятадын капиталын давамгайллыг тооцон үзэж байсан Оросын Монголд хандах эдийн засгийн бодлогыг өөрчлөх ёстой байлаа. Өргөөгийн Засгийн газартай байгуулах гэрээний төслийг наймдугаар сар гэхэд бэлтгэж дууссан ба 1912 оны арваннэгдүгээр сарын 3-нд түүнд гарын үсгээ зурцгаажээ. Гэрээнд гарын үсэг зурах ёслол Их  хүрээнд болж, Оросын төлөөлөгч Иван Яковлевич Коростовцев, Гадаад Монголын Засгийн газрын  бүрэн эрхт төлөөлөгч Сайн Ноён хаан Намнансүрэн, Чин сүжигт да лам Цэрэнчимэд, Чин ван Ханддорж, Жүн ван Чагдаржав, Жүн ван Гомбосүрэн, Жүн ван Намсрай  нар гарын үсгээ зуржээ. Гадаад Монголын автономийг Хаант Орос хүлээн зөвшөөрснөөр тэд “тогтоосон автономийн бүтцийг хэвээр хадгалан үлдэхийн тулд”  тусламжийг үзүүлнэ гэж үүрэг хүлээсэн байлаа. Гэрээний дагуу Гадаад Монголыг үндэсний засгийн газар нь захирч, Хятадын колоничлол ба Хятадын цэрэг байлгахыг зөвшөөрөхгүй гэсэн байжээ. Гэрээнд “Оросын харьяатуудын эдэлж байгаа эрхээс илүүтэй эрхийг  гадаад бусад харьятуудад  олгохгүй” гэсэн үүргийг монголчууд авсан байлаа. Үүнээс жилийн дараа 1913 онд Гадаад Монголын автономийг Орос-Хятадын Бээжингийн Зараханы гэрээний дагуу Хятадын Засгийн газар хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн байжээ.